How To Make Your Boyfriend Happy - Relationship Love Advice

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If you were to watch certain TV shows you?d see women who think that the entire universe revolves around them and that it?s a man?s duty to keep women happy. In fact most of these show that it?s never about how to keep your boyfriend happy ? under any circumstances. Now to a certain extent, and based on our most primitive instincts, it is important for a man to keep a woman happy ? after all she?ll be the person in the relationship responsible for giving him children. Okay I know that sounds really backwards to read but remember that by being in a relationship you?re now starting your own ?tribe? to one extent or another ? that?s just human nature at work folks.

Anyways getting back to the original point here ? in a healthy and happy relationship both people work to keep each other happy. The best part about this is that keeping that guy you love truly happy is rarely about grand gestures like expensive gifts or foreign holidays. Instead it?s the simple things that can make a guy happy and I?ve put together a list of these for you.

Men Aren?t Psychic

Probably the biggest myth in male-female relationships is that ?if a guy truly loves you he?ll know what you?re thinking?. Ladies this is just the worst kind of pop-psychology going and I?ll be blunt guys hate having to try to guess what you?re thinking. They hate it even more when you say things like ?..if you loved me you?d know?. One of the easiest ways to make your boyfriend happy is to not play mind games with him ? all guys hate it. So when your fella asks you why you?re upset or where you?d really love to go on vacation just give him a straight answer; it will literally make his day!

Sex Does Matter

All too often sex is used as a weapon or a tool in relationships for people to get what they want, and the responsibility for this lies mostly with women. Now let me be straight here and say that there?s a lot, lot more to any relationship than just sex but if you think a relationship between two healthy young (or old) people can survive without intimacy then you?re definitely on the wrong path.

We all have our own list of things that either turn us on or turn us off so make sure you share those with your boyfriend. If you?re wondering how to make your boyfriend happy in bed it?s simply down to not refusing sex because you want him to do as he?s told and to share your own little sexual dreams and fantasies with him too.

Don?t Always Play Hard To Get

At the start of any relationship men expect to have to pursue a woman, and women expect to be chased down, courted and seduced ? again this is the natural order of things. Now that?s not to say that a woman can?t chase down a guy she wants either ? all is fair in love and war after all! The problem most guys have in any relationship that?s just out of the ?honeymoon phase? is that some women still want to be chased so that they feel wanted. Playing hard to get in the early days of a relationship could mean a guy just walking away to find a more reasonably minded woman, but playing hard to get in an established relationship is childish. Don?t do it.

Insecurity Can Cause Paranoia

Contrary to what you might read in certain magazines making a man feel insecure isn?t a good idea. Actually it?s one of the worst things you can do because what starts off as mild insecurity can often lead to rampant paranoia. I?ve read articles which suggest that making a guy feel borderline insecure is a way to make him appreciate you more but usually the exact opposite happens. This ties in with the idea of expecting men to be psychic and playing mind games ? don?t do it. You don?t need to cater to his ever whim to keep your man happy but I can guarantee you that playing with his emotions will end in disaster for your relationship sooner or later.

Making your boyfriend happy doesn?t require a degree in psychology or any kind of unusual tactics. All you need to be, in as much as is possible, is the same girl he fell in love with in the first place.

Yes it really is that simple.

Source: http://relationshiploveadvice.net/your-boyfriend/how-to-make-your-boyfriend-happy/

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Bulls' Thibodeau fined $35,000

CHICAGO (AP) ? The NBA has fined Chicago Bulls coach Tom Thibodeau $35,000 for comments he made about the officiating following Friday's loss to the Miami Heat in Game 3 of the Eastern Conference semifinals.

The league announced the fine on Sunday.

Thibodeau was upset that Nazr Mohammed got ejected for shoving LeBron James to the floor and accused the Heat's superstar of flopping. He also said calls weren't going to go the Bulls' way.

The Heat won the game to go up 2-1 in the series. Game 4 is Monday at the United Center.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bulls-thibodeau-fined-35-000-203145302.html

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Sheriff: Body found, believed to be missing girl

OTTAWA, Kan. (AP) ? A body recovered amid an intensive search is believed to be that of a missing 18-month-old girl whose mother was found dead along with two men on a Kansas farm days ago, authorities said Sunday.

Franklin County Sheriff Jeff Richards said in a statement that remains recovered in eastern Kansas on Saturday are believed to those of Lana Leigh Bailey, a child that authorities previously said they presumed dead.

"I want the family of Lana, and all the victims, to know that this investigation will continue until we are confident we have collected as much evidence as we can to ensure justice is served on behalf of all four victims," Richards said in a statement.

Richards said the body was discovered by an Osage County sheriff's deputy who was searching an area for items that could be connected to the deaths reported May 6 at a farm home in nearby Franklin County.

Kyle Flack was charged Friday with capital murder in the deaths of Lana's 21-year-old mother, Kaylie Bailey, and 30-year-old Andrew Stout. The 27-year-old convicted felon also was charged with multiple counts of first-degree murder in those deaths as well as that of 31-year-old Steven White, authorities have said.

The evidence collected Saturday when the child's body was recovered led investigators to believe it was Lana, his statement said without elaboration.

"We hope that a forensic examination will make a final identification," Richards added. "Until the identity is confirmed investigators will continue following up on all tips, leads and information connected to this crime."

The statement did not provide any details of where the body was discovered or how the infant had died.

Richards told the Associated Press by telephone early Sunday that he would not have any further details beyond the statement. The Franklin County sheriff's office said its next scheduled statement on the investigation would be Sunday afternoon.

On Saturday, search crews had deployed using boats and sonar equipment in search of the child. Earlier authorities had said investigators were scouring ponds and other waterways in the area looking for the child's body.

The investigation had included searching the farm and other rural areas in the 50-mile stretch between Ottawa and Emporia, where Kaylie Bailey's car was found Tuesday.

Franklin County Attorney Stephen Hunting said Friday that a firearm was used against the victims at the farm, but didn't elaborate on whether that meant they were fatally shot. Authorities have not commented on a motive.

Richards said earlier that the extensive investigation of what he called a "horrific crime" had taken a toll and that members of the investigative team have required medical attention after searching in difficult areas. Others sought counsel from a chaplain.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/sheriff-body-found-believed-missing-girl-064142508.html

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Opt out or left out? The economics of stay-at-home moms?

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Allison Linn NBC News

5 hours ago

for NBC News

Allicyn Willix plays with children, 4-year-old Conner, and 15-month-old Parker. Willix has been a stay-at-home mom since her second child was born. She quit her low wage job because it was costing her more to pay day care fees and says, "It was the best decision I've ever made." There are approximately 5 million stay-at-home moms in the U.S.

Conventional wisdom holds that stay-at-home moms do so because they can afford not to work. Instead, experts say, many moms appear to be staying home with their kids because they can?t afford to work.

?They just think they don?t have enough education and skill ? where their pay would cover their child care, transportation and clothes,? said Stephanie Coontz, a professor of history and family studies at The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wash., and co-chair of the Council on Contemporary Families.

Of course, there are plenty of middle-class women with a college education who are staying home full time with their children. But several studies conducted in recent years have found that less-educated moms and those who live in in lower-income households are generally more likely to stay home with the kids than more-educated moms and or those who live in higher-income households.

An analysis of government data on married mothers ages 25 to 54, prepared for the Council on Contemporary Families several years ago, found that women whose husbands were in the lowest 25 percent of the male earnings distribution were most likely to stay home full-time.

The next most likely group of moms to stay home were all the way on the other end of the economic spectrum, married to husbands whose income places them in the top 5 percent of earners.

Paula England, a sociology professor at New York University and one of the paper?s co-authors, said her other, more recent research also has shown that overall, more-educated moms are more likely to be employed. She thinks that?s because they can get jobs that pay well enough and are interesting enough to make it worthwhile to work.

?Women who can?t get good jobs anyhow ? maybe not enough to cover their child care costs or maybe not worth it in meaning ? are the ones who are more likely to, if they have a husband, make the calculation (to stay home),? England said. ?It really is kind of the opposite of what a lot of people believe.?

She noted that there is that tiny slice of stay-at-home moms with very high-earning husbands. But across the board, she said, the better a job a mom can get, the more likely she is to be employed.

A Gallup analysis of 45,000 adult women released last year found that 75 percent of college-educated women with kids under 18 were working, compared with 48 percent of those moms with a high school degree or less. Gallup also found that 77 percent of moms with household incomes of $90,000 or more were working, compared with 45 percent of moms with household incomes of less than $24,000.

Rose Kreider, chief of the Fertility and Family Statistics Branch for the U.S. Census Bureau, said her research also suggests that instead of an ?opt out revolution? involving highly educated married moms who want to leave the workforce, many moms who are younger, less educated, Hispanic and/or caring for very young children could be left out because they can?t get a job that pays well enough to cover hefty child care costs.

for NBC News

Willix plays with her children.

That?s the situation stay-at-home mom Allicyn Willix found herself in last year, after she had her second child.

Willix, who lives in rural Bonnerdale, Ark., had just earned a college degree in English and gotten a job making $9.50 an hour working in a chiropractor?s clinic when she found out she was pregnant.

She had planned to go back to work part-time after the baby was born, but scrapped those plans after realizing she?d have to make at least $11 an hour just to break even on child care costs.

Willix, who is 28, loves that she gets to watch her 1- and 4-year-old kids grow and learn. But she would have preferred to return to her job.

?I did still want to work,? she said.

Most women appear to feel that way. A Pew Research Center report released in March found that 32 percent of moms with children under age 18 think the ideal situation is to work full-time, while 47 percent said they would prefer to work part-time. Twenty percent said they would prefer not to work at all.

For Willix, it?s partly because she misses the work itself, and the regular interaction with other adults. And it?s partly because it?s tough to live on her husband?s income of $17 an hour.

Willix?s parents help the young family out with food costs and provided financial backing for a home they are building. Meanwhile, an aunt is letting them rent a house she owns at a very low rate.

Nevertheless, Willix said they live paycheck to paycheck. They can only afford to drive to nearby Hot Springs twice a week, for things like visits to the library, and she can no longer send her 4-year-old to preschool.

Willix expects that she?ll start looking for a job when her children get older and child care costs become more reasonable. Meanwhile, she said she does appreciate that she is able to be home, teaching her children good lifelong habits.

?The good side is that I see my kids every day,? she said.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653381/s/2bcdda49/l/0L0Snbcnews0N0Cbusiness0Copt0Eout0Eor0Eleft0Eout0Eeconomics0Estay0Ehome0Emoms0E1C9881635/story01.htm

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Best Grilled Cheese Recipes: The Crispiest, Gooiest Sandwiches

By Lynn Andriani

Whether you're using Cheddar or Swiss, cook these sandwiches over medium-low heat for optimal ooze-to-crunch.

• The Grilled Cheese For People Who Put Pickles On Everything

  A topping made from Italian and Greek pepperoncini peppers, cornichon pickles and a dash of white wine give this grilled treat a tangy kick. Megan Johnson, chef at <a href="http://www.casellula.com/" target="_blank">Casellula Cheese & Wine Caf?</a> in New York, uses a mix of Emmentaler, Gruy?re and Scharfer Max, a buttery, rich Alpine cheese. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Griddled-Fondue-Sandwich-with-Pickled-Pepper-Relish-Recipe">Griddled Fondue Sandwich with Pickled Pepper Relish</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Sweet Tooths

  Giada De Laurentiis promises ham and cheese never tasted so good. She adds saut?ed Granny Smith apples to give these panini a hint of sugary tartness, and chopped fresh thyme for a savory and earthy essence. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Ham-Gruyere-and-Apple-Panini-Recipe-Giada-De-Laurentiis">Ham, Gruy?re, and Apple Panini</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Homesick Southerners

  Robert Newton, a chef from Arkansas, serves this spicy sandwich at his Brooklyn caf? <a href="http://smithcanteen.com/" target="blank">Smith Canteen</a>. A blend of sharp white Cheddar, roasted red peppers, mayonnaise and cayenne pepper form the basis of his take on the quintessential Southern spread. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Ham-and-Pimento-Grilled-Cheese-Sandwich-Recipe">Ham and Pimento Grilled Cheese Sandwich</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Bacon Lovers

  Michael Paley, chef at <a href="http://www.proofonmain.com/proof/default.aspx" target="_blank">Proof on Main</a> in Louisville, Kentucky, makes a jam from applewood-smoked bacon, Spanish onions, apple cider vinegar, brown sugar, maple syrup and coffee?which gives this sandwich a sweet-salty element. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Grilled-Cheese-with-Sharp-Cheddar-Taleggio-Cheese-and-Bacon-Marmalad">Grilled Cheese with Sharp Cheddar, Taleggio Cheese and Bacon Marmalade</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Someone Who'd Rather Be Eating Quiche

  Not technically a sandwich, this hand pie?which you make in a muffin tin?combines hearty farmer cheese (you can substitute ricotta or cottage cheese), subtle fresh thyme and floral honey. It's especially good with a cornmeal crust, though a butter crust works too. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Farmer-Cheese-Pie-Recipe">Farmer Cheese Pie</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Breakfast Fiends

  New York City cheese shop <a href="http://www.murrayscheese.com/" target="_blank">Murray's</a> has its own version of bacon, egg and cheese: cherrywood-smoked bacon, a fried egg and melted Fontina cheese, served on an English muffin that toasts right in the skillet or on the griddle. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Murrays-Breakfast-Melt-Recipe-Murrays-Cheese">Murray's Breakfast Melt</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Minimalists

  This recipe proves that when you use high-quality ingredients, you don't need fancy techniques. Casellula Cheese & Wine Caf? chef Megan Johnson just melts salty Comt?, delicate Fol Epi, fresh ch?vre and <a href="http://www.5spokecreamery.com/cheese_tumbleweed.html" target="_blank">5 Spoke Creamery Tumbleweed cheese</a>, which is akin to aged Cheddar, on sourdough with sliced tomato. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Grilled-Cheese-Sandwich-with-Goat-Cheese-and-Tomato-Recipe">Grilled Cheese Sandwich with Goat Cheese and Tomato</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Pasta Fanatics

  Adam Schneider based the signature dish at his New York grilled cheese restaurant <a href="http://littlemuenster.com/" target="_blank">Little Muenster</a> on one of his favorite pastas. It's the sandwich equivalent of spaghetti carbonara. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Gruyere-Chevre-Leek-Confit-and-Pancetta-Melt-Recipe">Gruy?re, Ch?vre, Leek Confit and Pancetta Melt</a>

• The Grilled Cheese For Anyone Who Loves Chips And Dip

  Sean Olnowich, executive chef at the New York sports lounge <a href="http://bounceny.com/" target="_blank">Bounce Sporting Club</a>, puts caramelized onions in between layers of Cheddar cheese for extra flavor. Make sure you slice the sandwich into finger-size lengths so they're easier to dunk. <br> <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Grilled-Cheese-Bars-with-Tomato-Soup-Dip-Recipe">Grilled Cheese Bars with Tomato Soup Dip</a> <br> <b>Keep Reading</b> <br> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Mac-n-Cheese-Recipes">11 ways to make mac 'n' cheese</a>

Keep in touch! Check out HuffPost OWN on Facebook and Twitter .

Earlier On HuffPost: 14 No-Fail Potluck Dishes Everyone Will Want the Recipes For

• Caramelized Onion and Bacon Tart

  Chances are you have everything you need to make this any-time-of-day tart in your kitchen already. Keeping the dish in its removable-bottom pan during travel ensures the pastry shell won't break; just don't forget to bring the pan home when you leave the party. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Caramelized-Onion-and-Bacon-Tart" target="_blank">Caramelized Onion and Bacon Tart</a>

• Smoky Black Bean Dip

  This versatile dip -- which goes with tortilla or pita chips, on top of nachos or in quesadillas -- will keep for two days in the refrigerator. In fact, letting it sit will help the spices (coriander and cumin) flavor the puree more deeply. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Smoky-Black-Bean-Dip" target="_blank">Smoky Black Bean Dip</a>

• Moroccan-Spiced Roasted Cauliflower and Carrot Salad with Chickpeas and Couscous

  The best olives for this salad are the big, meaty green ones you can find in Middle Eastern markets. They have pits, but a good whack with the side of a chef's knife makes them easy to remove. You can serve this dish warm, chilled or at room temperature. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Moroccan-Spiced-Roasted-Cauliflower-and-Carrot-Salad-Recipe_1" target="_blank">Moroccan-Spiced Roasted Cauliflower and Carrot Salad with Chickpeas and Couscous</a>

• Killer Quinoa Salad

  Quinoa, dried cranberries, dried apricots, avocados, green onions and toasted slivered almonds come together to make an ideal side for grilled chicken or pork. It can sit out on the buffet table for a little longer than most dishes, since it doesn't contain any ingredients that will spoil quickly. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Killer-Quinoa-Salad-Recipe_2" target="_blank">Killer Quinoa Salad</a>

• Lentil Ratatouille

  Cutting the eggplant, zucchini and carrots into larger pieces (about an inch square) will ensure they don't become mushy as they sit, and the salad will benefit from their crunch. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Lentil-Ratatouille-Recipe" target="_blank">Lentil Ratatouille</a>

• Chickpea Plov

  In the former Soviet republics and Russia, plov (also known as pilaf) is a hearty one-pot rice dish. This version omits the lamb and relies on chickpeas for protein, making it a perfect vegetarian entr?e. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Chickpea-Plov-Recipe" target="_blank">Chickpea Plov</a>

• Garden Tuna Checkerboard Sandwiches

  Although all these sandwiches contain the same lemon-white wine vinegar tuna salad, their breads are different. Have a little fun and arrange them in a checkerboard pattern to keep people guessing. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Garden-Tuna-Checkerboard-Sandwich-Recipe" target="_blank">Garden Tuna Checkerboard Sandwiches</a>

• Shrimp-and-Avocado Sushi Rolls

  Using store-bought tortillas as extra wrappers around the seaweed is the trick to turning this Japanese favorite into an easy potluck dish. A simple, homemade wasabi mayonnaise offers a nice contrast to the crunchy cucumber. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Shrimp-and-Avocado-Sushi-Rolls-Recipe" target="_blank">Shrimp-and-Avocado Sushi Rolls</a>

• Chicken Divan Crepes with Gruy?re

  This take on the well-known chicken-and-broccoli casserole is perfect for a large group, since each portion comes wrapped in its own crepe. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Chicken-Divan-Crepes-Recipe-The-Casserole-Queens_1" target="_blank">Chicken Divan Crepes with Gruy?re</a>

• Cheesy Turkey Enchiladas with Tomatillo Salsa and Cilantro

  Ground turkey breast, low-carb tortillas, fat-free black bean dip and reduced-fat cheeses keep this usually calorie-laden, one-dish meal healthy (so guests will have more room for guacamole and chips). <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Cheesy-Turkey-Enchiladas-with-Tomatillo-Salsa-and-Cilantro"http://www.oprah.com/food/Cheesy-Turkey-Enchiladas-with-Tomatillo-Salsa-and-Cilantro>Cheesy Turkey Enchiladas with Tomatillo Salsa and Cilantro</a>

• Macaroni and Many Cheeses

  You can make the cheese sauce for this crowd-pleasing classic up to two days ahead of time and reheat it. Using a small pasta, like elbows, will make it easier to spoon out onto plates. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Macaroni-and-Many-Cheeses" target="_blank">Macaroni and Many Cheeses</a>

• Pineapple-Cajeta Empanadas

  Chef Marcela Valladolid likes to make these pockets for potlucks because they don't require serving utensils and are easy to transport. Similar to dulce de leche, cajeta is available in some Latin markets, or you can substitute caramel sauce. The empanadas are a sweet addition to a brunch buffet, or you can even serve them as dessert. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Pineapple-Cajeta-Empanadas-Recipe" target="_blank">Pineapple-Cajeta Empanadas</a>

• Sunny Lemon Cake

  Bright and tangy, this cake will appeal to adults and children. Once frosted, it will keep in the refrigerator, loosely wrapped in foil or waxed paper, for up to three days. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Sunny-Lemon-Cake-Recipe" target="_blank">Sunny Lemon Cake</a>

• Banana Pudding

  This traditional Southern dessert actually improves with age, so be sure to let it sit for at least four hours (or as long as overnight) before serving. This version from Maya Angelou includes all the classic ingredients. <b>Get the recipe:</b> <a href="http://www.oprah.com/food/Banana-Pudding" target="_blank">Banana Pudding</a>

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/11/best-grilled-cheese-recipes_n_3247054.html

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Affirmations for Self-Improvement | tmcelvany - Caverlynell8&#39;s blog

This article talks about how ?the more we practice having thoughts or beliefs that benefit our well-being, the more naturally those thoughts and beliefs will play themselves out in our everyday life,? as long as these affirmations you repeat to yourself are ?congruent with reality, and aligned with your core values.?

This is a very corny article on the surface, but the message about mindfulness and the list of affirmations are great. Really try to give this article a chance and see what it has to offer for your own life.

Trisha McElvany

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Source: http://tmcelvany.wordpress.com/2013/04/27/affirmations-for-self-improvement/

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Source: http://caverlynell8.typepad.com/blog/2013/04/affirmations-for-self-improvement-tmcelvany.html

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Implantable, bioengineered rat kidney: Transplanted organ produces urine, but further refinement is needed

Apr. 14, 2013 ? Bioengineered rat kidneys developed by Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators successfully produced urine both in a laboratory apparatus and after being transplanted into living animals. In their report, receiving advance online publication in Nature Medicine, the research team describes building functional replacement kidneys on the structure of donor organs from which living cells had been stripped, an approach previously used to create bioartificial hearts, lungs and livers.

"What is unique about this approach is that the native organ's architecture is preserved, so that the resulting graft can be transplanted just like a donor kidney and connected to the recipient's vascular and urinary systems," says Harald Ott, MD, PhD, of the MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, senior author of the Nature Medicine article. "If this technology can be scaled to human-sized grafts, patients suffering from renal failure who are currently waiting for donor kidneys or who are not transplant candidates could theoretically receive new organs derived from their own cells."

Around 18,000 kidney transplants are performed in the U.S. each year, but 100,000 Americans with end-stage kidney disease are still waiting for a donor organ. Even those fortunate enough to receive a transplant face a lifetime of immunosuppressive drugs, which pose many health risks and cannot totally eliminate the incidence of eventual organ rejection.

The approach used in this study to engineer donor organs, based on a technology that Ott discovered as a research fellow at the University of Minnesota, involves stripping the living cells from a donor organ with a detergent solution and then repopulating the collagen scaffold that remains with the appropriate cell type -- in this instance human endothelial cells to replace the lining of the vascular system and kidney cells from newborn rats. The research team first decellularized rat kidneys to confirm that the organ's complex structures would be preserved. They also showed the technique worked on a larger scale by stripping cells from pig and human kidneys.

Making sure the appropriate cells were seeded into the correct portions of the collagen scaffold required delivering vascular cells through the renal artery and kidney cells through the ureter. Precisely adjusting the pressures of the solutions enabled the cells to be dispersed throughout the whole organs, which were then cultured in a bioreactor for up to 12 days. The researchers first tested the repopulated organs in a device that passed blood through its vascular system and drained off any urine, which revealed evidence of limited filtering of blood, molecular activity and urine production.

Bioengineered kidneys transplanted into living rats from which one kidney had been removed began producing urine as soon as the blood supply was restored, with no evidence of bleeding or clot formation. The overall function of the regenerated organs was significantly reduced compared with that of normal, healthy kidneys, something the researchers believe may be attributed to the immaturity of the neonatal cells used to repopulate the scaffolding.

"Further refinement of the cell types used for seeding and additional maturation in culture may allow us to achieve a more functional organ," says Ott. "Based on this inital proof of principle, we hope that bioengineered kidneys will someday be able to fully replace kidney function just as donor kidneys do. In an ideal world, such grafts could be produced 'on demand" from a patient's own cells, helping us overcome both the organ shortage and the need for chronic immunosuppression. We're now investigating methods of deriving the necessary cell types from patient-derived cells and refining the cell-seeding and organ culture methods to handle human-sized organs."

Ott's team focuses on the regeneration of hearts, lungs, kidneys and grafts made of composite tissues, while other teams -- including one from the MGH Center for Engineering in Medicine -- are using the decellularization technique to develop replacement livers. Lead author of the Nature Medicine paper is Jeremy Song, MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine; additional co-authors are Jacques Guyette, PhD, Sarah Gilpin, PhD, Gabriel Gonzalez, PhD, and Joseph Vacanti, MD, all of the MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine. The study was supported by National Institute of Health Director's New Innovator Award DP2 OD008749-01.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Massachusetts General Hospital, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

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Journal Reference:

1. Jeremy J Song, Jacques P Guyette, Sarah E Gilpin, Gabriel Gonzalez, Joseph P Vacanti, Harald C Ott. Regeneration and experimental orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered kidney. Nature Medicine, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nm.3154

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/f8_z1bYJGAQ/130414193433.htm

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